Posts fromKelly Russo

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November Artifact of the Month – HMS Royal Sovereign Model, c. 1804

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HMS皇家Sovereign Model, courtesy of The Mariners' Museum.
HMS皇家Sovereign Model, courtesy of The Mariners’ Museum.

Hello faithful followers! This month’s artifact focuses on a model ship built for King George III of England. He was the British king under which the American colonies revolted and declared their independence from in the American Revolution of 1775. In 1804, the real HMS皇家主权was built for King George III, however due to old age and a touch of mental illness; it was thought to be he didn’t use it following 1805. His illness led him to allow for a regency to rule in 1811, even though he was immensely popular. He ruled for a grand total of 59 years, the third longest ruling British monarch, behind his granddaughter Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth II, the current Queen of England.

The皇家主权was the last ship in which he sailed prior to his death in 1820. In reality, it was about 96 feet long and armed with eight guns, while the model measures 1/4 inch to the foot. The actual ship was used for about thirty years before being decommissioned and serving as a depot ship until it was broken up in 1850. The model maker was unknown, but it was thought to be built for George to either show him all of the beautiful benefits of the yacht, or for personal enjoyment and decoration. It has a removable top deck, which reveals beautiful interior details. There are furnishings, carpet, miniature paintings, and even people inside the model. It shows the galley, sitting room, dining room, King’s bedroom, and even circular ladders descending to a lower deck. The outside of the ship are decorated with medallions representing the Four Cardinal Virtues as women, while the stern is decorated with the figure of Neptune in his car. Over the windows there are figures of the four Quarters of the World, and all of these decorative aspects are represented on the model, as a complete replica of the actual ship. It is an extremely detailed representation of the ship, and provides a fascinating look at what time spent on the ship would be like. Because the maker is unknown, there was not that much information to be gained about the creation of the ship. It was donated to The Mariners’ Museum in 1984, by the Kriegstein family. Roman Kriegstein, and his two sons Henry and Arnold, compiled a collection of about ten models of Admiralty Board ships ranging from the seventeenth century through the beginning of the nineteenth century. This model of the皇家主权was a part of their collection.Read more

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October Artifact of the Month – USS Dionysus Engine

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USS Dionysus, Courtesy of The Mariners' Museum.
USS狄俄尼索斯，由水手博物馆提供。

Hello faithful readers and welcome back to the artifact of the month! This month, we will be looking at a 271,000 pound engine from a Liberty ship built in World War II, USS狄俄尼索斯。Last week, while working on my blog, I got to take a little field trip out to the back of the museum where all of the macro artifacts are stored. While exploring, my supervisor showed myself and another intern the engine which is housed in a shed to protect it from the elements. The shed itself is a little creepy from the outside, but the engine inside is magnificent. It is massive, and just looms over you, with parts and pieces that are about the same size as me.

USS狄俄尼索斯was originally built for the Royal Navy as HMSFaithfulas part of the lend-lease program, but instead was kept by the US Navy. It was commissioned in 1945 as a repair ship for the Navy, and was sent into the Pacific war zone at the end of World War II. Following the end of the war,狄俄尼索斯直到1952年朝鲜战争爆发，当时将其加入了大西洋舰队，一直被放在美国海军预备队的舰队中。朝鲜战争结束后，狄俄尼索斯was again put on reserve until it was scrapped.狄俄尼索斯was a Liberty ship, which was a type of ship produced by the United States Maritime Commission in World War II and was constructed from standardized parts that were made across the country. They, liberty ships, were made for under $2,000,000 and held 27 officers and 497 enlisted sailors, in addition to 2,840 Jeeps, 440 tanks or 230 million rounds of rifle ammunition. During the war about 200 of the ships were lost due to a variety of reasons, but two different ships, SSJeremiah O’Brianand SSJohn Brownsurvived, and are both open to the public. The engine was removed in 1978 and donated to The Mariners’ Museum and put on display. The engine itself is approximately 271,000 pounds with all of its components assembled, and is the main triple expansion steam engine of狄俄尼索斯。Later that same year,狄俄尼索斯’hull was sunk off the coast of North Carolina to become part of the artificial reefs along the coastline. It was the fourth Liberty ship to be sunk there since 1974, and is located about five miles south of Oregon Inlet.Read more

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九月的本月工件 - 利维亚坦鹰队

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Eagle decorative ornament from the SS Vaterland, courtesy of The Mariners' Museum.
Eagle decorative ornament from SS利维坦, courtesy of The Mariners’ Museum.

When asked to work on this collections blog, my supervisor asked what artifacts in particular drew my attention. It’s a little awkward to say, but I’ve always been a fan of wartime histories and I may or may not have responded with a jubilant “WAR,” which sounds worse when you excitedly exclaim it in front of people. Regardless of my intern embarrassment, my declaration has ensured that I often get to focus on war relics, such as this month’s artifact, a metal eagle ornament from SS利维坦。鹰是装饰金属件，在装修后本来可以在船的内部展示。它的颜色是两种色调，有蓝色的身体，羽毛和腿上的镀金装饰。它在下面有两次，一次颜色，一次是黑白的，因此更容易看到作品上的细节。

利维坦最初是SSVaterland, a passenger liner built at Hamburg, Germany. In 1914, she was the biggest ship in the world, but only made a couple of trips prior to the outbreak of World War I.Vaterlandhad just arrived in New York when war was declared, and was therefore unable to return to Germany. Prior to this, she had made only three round trips between New York and Europe. Instead she remained in a terminal in New Jersey for three years until the United States entered the war in 1917. At that point,Vaterlandwas taken and turned over to the U.S. Navy, who renamed her利维坦在服务和使她运兵船直到1919年。Following the conclusion of the war,利维坦again found herself in limbo, until she was sent to the Newport News Shipyard in southern Virginia to undergo a complete overhaul and renovations to turn her back into a passenger liner. Her renovation was actually supervised by William Frances Gibbs, the naval architect who would later design SSUnited States，以及两个棒球的所有者，这些棒球是我们本月4月的文物中的。Read more

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本月的八月文物 - 指南针收集

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象牙指南针，1750- 1850年。由水手博物馆提供。
象牙指南针，1750- 1850年。由水手博物馆提供。

For August’s Artifact of the Month, we will be looking at a series of compasses that we have here at The Mariners’ Museum. The compass is one of the world’s oldest navigational instruments, dating back to the Chinese between the 9thand 11th几个世纪。磁性指南针通过将其磁针与地球磁性北极对齐，从而确保其始终向北指向。指南针是由使用Lodestones的使用，该矿石是带有磁化铁矿石的矿物。中国人发现，当将平放在板上时，洛德斯通将继续始终指向同一北方和南方的方向。指南针极大地提高了海上探索和旅行的准确性。它使定位目的地变得容易得多，并减少了旅行的时间。借助其他设备，也可以利用指南针来找出经度和纬度。这也使它成为已知有问题的区域，因此更容易避免或通过。这有助于彻底改变海上旅行，使探险家更容易进行更长的探险和更安全的探险。

One of our most beautiful compasses in our collection is one that was purchased by Fred Hill in Paris, France. It is only about two and half inches in diameter, and has an ivory case that opens and closes much like a woman’s compact. It’s dated to between 1750 and 1850, though the exact date and maker is unknown. There is another compass in our collection hidden in the hold here at The Mariners’ Museum that was also purchased by Fred Hill. This one is a miniature compass, which is also by an unknown French maker (perhaps the same unknown maker!). This compass is thought to have maybe been a toy, and is set in a brass bowl on a bone stand. This miniature compass is thought to be from 1910. This miniature compass is pictured below, while the compact compass is pictured above.Read more

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July Artifact of the Month – WAVES Uniform

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Propaganda poster encouraging enlistment in the WAVES. Courtesy of The Mariners’ Museum.
Propaganda poster encouraging enlistment in the WAVES. Courtesy of The Mariners’ Museum.

本月的六月文物是Clara Gemmet夫人给水手博物馆的海浪制服。Gemmet夫人于1955年加入海军，去了马里兰州贝恩布里奇的新兵训练营。经过基础培训后，她去了飞行器预科学校，她经过了该学校，并继续前往海军和海军陆战队的主要技术站孟菲斯海军航空站。根据Gemmet夫人的说法，她仍然与与海军一起在海军中的一些妇女保持联系，如果有机会，她会回去再做一次。她特别指出：“我与之共事的女性与隔间是美好，诚实，骄傲的女人 - 自豪地穿着我们的制服来帮助自己的国家。”Gemmet夫人仍然通过Waves National参与海浪，该海浪与来自所有海上服务的妇女一起，萨克拉曼多的浪潮以及她当地的车队预备役协会分支机构的军官。

1942年7月，富兰克林·罗斯福总统（Franklin D.它允许妇女在美国大陆内从事非战斗工作，以期为妇女填补办公桌工作，因此使男性能够在其他地方担任战斗角色。例如，妇女担任药剂师助理，无线电调度员，机械师，邮件载体和解码器。在FDR签署法律后的一年内，大约有27,000名妇女签署了服务。战争结束时，大约有8,000名女军官和近84,000名入伍妇女，占海军总数的2.5％。[1]这些女士，包括Gemmet夫人，仍然穿着裙子和连衣裙作为其制服的一部分，而不是裤子，以及合适的夹克和高跟鞋。Read more