我们回到美国红十字会的汉普顿路港口（HRPE）的研究。红十字会在维持军队中的士气和心理健康方面发挥了至关重要的作用，尤其是在国外的人。在第二次世界大战期间，红十字会是唯一有被授权与海外军事人员合作的平民服务组织，实际上，在1941年美国进入战争之前，开始向欧洲战争的平民受害者提供援助。红十字会成员是在国内外服务的志愿者和员工的混合。红十字会为所有需要的人提供了供应，援助和茶点。许多志愿者签署了通过红十字会的护士援助。但是，在第二次世界大战期间，红十字会可能以免费的甜甜圈而闻名，以至于许多志愿者被称为“甜甜圈娃娃”！
喜欢many组织at thetime，美国红十字会以很高的标准授予申请人。女性志愿者必须是大学毕业生，至少25岁，有出色的参考书并通过身体检查。申请标准很高，只有6个申请人被接受。在接受志愿者职位后，妇女随后被派往华盛顿特区的培训，然后被任命为家庭或国外的职位。
第二次世界大战期间，海军储备的妇女分支是志愿急诊服务（WAVES）的妇女。海浪是在1942年7月30日创建的，当时富兰克林·罗斯福总统将海军妇女储备法签署为法律。类似于妇女军（WAC）the WAVES was enacted to allow women to take over certain jobs in the Navy and free up men for sea duty. WAVES were allowed to enlist and were then able to apply for officer’s candidate school. However, it was implied that at the close of WWII, the WAVES would be disbanded. Mildred H. McAfee曾担任海浪中的第一任董事，始于中尉指挥官，最终被提升为上尉。
妇女首先能够在第一次世界大战中担任女性的海军储备。该计划始于1917年，加入妇女的妇女出于同样的原因加入了第二次世界大战的海浪。爱国主义和渴望早先结束战争。1920年，雌性耶也可以解散，直到1942年创造海浪，护士仍然是海军中唯一的女性。
While the most recognizable way for individuals to serve their country at times of war is through the service branches, there have historically been many other ways in which people served their country abroad and at home. For example, the United Service Organizations, better known as USO, a nonprofit-charitable organization which provides leisure facilities and shows to United States Armed Forces was founded by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in 1941, to “unite several service associations into one organization to lift the morale of [the] military and nourish support on the home front” (USO.com/about).
实际上，D第二次世界大战，据估计，全球约有3,000个USO俱乐部，汉普顿路登机港口was no exception. USO clubs helped soldiers feel at home and gave them the opportunity to step away from the job and the realities of war. They provided leisure, like dances, ping pong tables, and other games; entertainment, sometimes local bands or even Hollywood celebrities would make an appearance (!); and they often had a snack bar, too, selling sandwiches, smokes and soda (but not liquor!) to service people.
The United States Army Nurse Corps (ANC) was formally established by the US Congress in 1901. Women served as nurses in previous wars, but it wasn’t until 1901 that they were officially on Army Payroll. The ANC did not see large numbers of active duty nurses until World War I, when 20,000 registered Nurses joined. Numbers dropped after the end of WWI, and in 1941 there were fewer than 1,000 Nurses in the ANC. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor numbers quickly grew; six months later there were over 12,000 on duty Nurses. Over the course of World War II, over 59,000 nurses served in the ANC,许多在北非，英格兰，缅甸和西南太平洋的国外服务.
虽然许多学者的护理experience, few had military experience. A four week training course was instituted for ANC Nurses which taught陆军组织；军事习俗和礼节；现场卫生；防御空气，化学和机械攻击；人事管理;军事申请和信件以及财产责任。护士s worked in all areas of the army-they went wherever the wounded were, and during WWII they worked close to the front lines.护士在野外医院和疏散医院，医院火车和医院船上以及医疗运输飞机上的飞行护士服役。
The Women’s Army Corps (WAC) was formed in 1942; originally it was the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC), but it was converted to active duty status in 1943. This made WACs unique to other women’s military groups, because it was the first time, and the only group, that integrated women into the United States Military. Around 150,000 women volunteered to serve in the WAC during World War II. Women were not allowed to fulfill ‘active combat’ roles in the military, but that still left over 250 support roles in the army to step into, from stenographer to map maker, photographer to truck driver, mechanic to switchboard operator. All of these positions were vital to the war effort. Many of the women who joined the WAC had a relative or sweetheart already serving, and hoped to bring their loved ones home sooner by aiding in the war effort.
这些妇女中的大多数都在家乡服役，接任办公室和其他非战斗工作，以便男人能够出国战斗。这些妇女驻扎在各种州立军队的装置中，与陆军服役部队，地面部队，陆军空军和陆军医院合作。
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